燃氣發(fā)電前的沼氣脫硫是確保沼氣質(zhì)量、保護發(fā)電設(shè)備和環(huán)境的重要步驟。常用的沼氣脫硫方式主要包括以下幾種：

　　The desulfurization of biogas before gas-fired power generation is an important step to ensure the quality of biogas, protect power generation equipment and the environment. The commonly used methods for biogas desulfurization mainly include the following:

　　一、干法脫硫

　　1、 Dry desulfurization

　　原理：

　　Principle:

　　干法脫硫是一種簡易、高效、相對低成本的脫硫方式，其基本原理是以氧氣（O2）使硫化氫（H2S）氧化成硫或硫氧化物。

　　Dry desulfurization is a simple, efficient, and relatively low-cost desulfurization method. Its basic principle is to use oxygen (O2) to oxidize hydrogen sulfide (H2S) into sulfur or sulfur oxides.

　　設(shè)備構(gòu)成：

　　Equipment composition:

　　干法脫硫設(shè)備通常包括主體鋼結(jié)構(gòu)、脫硫劑填料（如活性炭、氧化鐵等）、觀察窗、壓力表、溫度表等組件。

　　Dry desulfurization equipment usually includes components such as the main steel structure, desulfurizer fillers (such as activated carbon, iron oxide, etc.), observation windows, pressure gauges, temperature gauges, etc.

　　脫硫塔通常設(shè)計為一用一備，交替使用，即一個脫硫，一個再生。

　　The desulfurization tower is usually designed with one in use and one as backup, alternating between desulfurization and regeneration.

　　化學(xué)反應(yīng)：

　　Chemical reaction:

　　沼氣進入脫硫塔底部，在穿過脫硫填料層到達頂端的過程中，H2S與脫硫劑發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)。

　　During the process of biogas entering the bottom of the desulfurization tower and passing through the desulfurization packing layer to reach the top, H2S undergoes a chemical reaction with the desulfurizer.

　　第一步：Fe2O3·H2O + 3H2S = Fe2S3 + 4H2O（脫硫）

　　Step 1: Fe2O3 · H2O+3H2S=Fe2S3+4H2O (desulfurization)

　　第二步：Fe2S3 + 3/2O2 + 3H2O = Fe2O3·H2O + 2H2O + 3S（再生）

　　Step 2: Fe2S3+3/2O2+3H2O=Fe2O3 · H2O+2H2O+3S (regeneration)

　　注意事項：

　　Attention:

　　在沼氣進入干式脫硫塔之前，應(yīng)設(shè)置有冷凝水罐或沼氣顆粒過濾器，以消除沼氣中夾雜的顆粒雜質(zhì)，并使得沼氣在進入脫硫前含有一定濕度。

　　Before entering the dry desulfurization tower, a condensate tank or biogas particle filter should be installed to eliminate particle impurities in the biogas and ensure that the biogas contains a certain humidity before entering the desulfurization tower.

　　當觀察到脫硫劑變色或系統(tǒng)壓力損失過大時，應(yīng)交替使用另一個脫硫塔。

　　When discoloration of the desulfurizer or excessive system pressure loss is observed, another desulfurization tower should be used alternately.

　　二、濕法脫硫

　　2、 Wet desulfurization

　　原理：

　　Principle:

　　濕法脫硫可以歸納分為物理吸收法、化學(xué)吸收法和氧化法三種。其中，氧化法是以堿性溶液為吸收劑，并加入載氧體為催化劑，吸收H2S，并將其氧化成單質(zhì)硫。

　　Wet desulfurization can be classified into three types: physical absorption method, chemical absorption method, and oxidation method. Among them, the oxidation method uses alkaline solution as the absorbent and oxygen carrier as the catalyst to absorb H2S and oxidize it into elemental sulfur.

　　設(shè)備構(gòu)成：

　　Equipment composition:

　　濕法脫硫塔主體包括洗滌塔、硫化氫采樣與監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)、堿液配置槽、供水軟水裝置、液位控制系統(tǒng)、支撐件和連接件等。

　　The main body of the wet desulfurization tower includes a washing tower, a hydrogen sulfide sampling and monitoring system, an alkali solution preparation tank, a water supply soft water device, a liquid level control system, supporting and connecting components, etc.

　　化學(xué)反應(yīng)：

　　Chemical reaction:

　　運行時，沼氣由下至上通過脫硫塔，堿液（如Na2CO3溶液或NaOH溶液）從頂部向下噴淋，使得H2S氣體與堿液發(fā)生充分的化學(xué)反應(yīng)。

　　During operation, biogas passes through the desulfurization tower from bottom to top, while alkaline solution (such as Na2CO3 solution or NaOH solution) sprays downwards from the top, allowing H2S gas to undergo a thorough chemical reaction with the alkaline solution.

　　當采用Na2CO3試劑脫硫時，主要發(fā)生如下反應(yīng)：H2S + Na2CO3 = NaHS + NaHCO3。

　　When using Na2CO3 reagent for desulfurization, the following reactions mainly occur: H2S + Na2CO3 = NaHS + NaHCO3。

　　優(yōu)點：

　　Advantages:

　　濕法脫硫效率高，可達99.5%以上，特別適用于大型脫硫工程中的粗脫硫階段。

　　Wet desulfurization has high efficiency, reaching over 99.5%, and is particularly suitable for the coarse desulfurization stage in large-scale desulfurization projects.

　　三、生物脫硫

　　3、 Biological desulfurization

　　原理：

　　Principle:

　　生物脫硫技術(shù)包括生物過濾法、生物吸附法和生物滴濾法。在生物脫硫過程中，氧化態(tài)的含硫污染物必須先經(jīng)生物還原作用生成硫化物或H2S，然后再經(jīng)生物氧化過程生成單質(zhì)硫，才能去除。

　　Biological desulfurization technology includes biological filtration, biological adsorption, and biological drip filtration. In the process of biological desulfurization, oxidized sulfur-containing pollutants must first undergo biological reduction to generate sulfides or H2S, and then undergo biological oxidation to generate elemental sulfur before they can be removed.

　　設(shè)備構(gòu)成：

　　Equipment composition:

　　生物脫硫塔內(nèi)填充有微生物種群隨環(huán)境改變而變化的填料，并配有營養(yǎng)液供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)、熱交換器、營養(yǎng)液液位控制器等組件。

　　The biological desulfurization tower is filled with a packing material that changes the microbial population with environmental changes, and is equipped with components such as a nutrient solution supply system, heat exchanger, and nutrient solution level controller.

　　化學(xué)反應(yīng)：

　　Chemical reaction:

　　將一定量的空氣導(dǎo)入含有硫化氫的沼氣中，混合氣體通過生物脫硫塔去除H2S。

　　Introduce a certain amount of air into biogas containing hydrogen sulfide, and remove H2S from the mixed gas through a biological desulfurization tower.

　　化學(xué)反應(yīng)式如下：H2S + 2O2 = H2SO4；H2S + O2 = 2S + 2H2O；S + H2O + 1.5O2 = H2SO4。

　　The chemical reaction equation is as follows: H2S + 2O2 = H2SO4； H2S + O2 = 2S + 2H2O； S + H2O + 1.5O2 = H2SO4。

　　優(yōu)點：

　　Advantages:

　　生物脫硫技術(shù)具有環(huán)境友好、運行成本低等優(yōu)點，特別適用于處理低濃度硫化氫的沼氣。

　　Biological desulfurization technology has the advantages of environmental friendliness and low operating costs, and is particularly suitable for treating low concentration hydrogen sulfide biogas.

　　綜上所述，燃氣發(fā)電前的沼氣脫硫方式多種多樣，各有優(yōu)缺點。在選擇脫硫方式時，應(yīng)根據(jù)沼氣的硫化氫濃度、處理量、成本預(yù)算以及環(huán)保要求等因素進行綜合考慮。

　　In summary, there are various methods of biogas desulfurization before gas-fired power generation, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing a desulfurization method, comprehensive consideration should be given to factors such as hydrogen sulfide concentration, processing capacity, cost budget, and environmental requirements of biogas.

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